ABSTRACT
The study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profiles, in vitro antioxidant activity, and in silico molecular dockingantidiabetic activity of the aqueous root extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L. The phytochemical qualitative tests revealedthe positive detections of tannins, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and phenolic compounds. Using Liquid chromatographyhigh-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis, 12 compounds were tentatively identified in the extracts.The major compounds were tentatively identified as betaine, daidzein, hispidulin, α-linoleic acid, and 4-coumaric acid.The aqueous root extracts have high antioxidant activity with the IC50 value of 15.2 mg/ml against DPPH free radicals.The major putatively identified compounds were docked to human pancreatic α-amylase protein, to investigate theirinhibitory activities to this enzyme. The interaction between betaine, daidzein, and hispidulin in docking with humanpancreatic a-amylase showed different binding sites to the protein. In addition, the types of bonds involved weremostly hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds which show the interactions between three ligands and α-amylase. Energygenerated from docking between betaine, daidzein, and hispidulin with α-amylase was −137.6, −245.8, and −236.7cal/mol, respectively. This study concludes that the aqueous root extracts of R. tuberosa L. have prospective as aninhibitor for a-amylase protein and to be used as antidiabetic agent. Further, in vitro and in vivo studies are needed toconfirm this work.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To monitor the physiological characteristics and genes expression of obesity rat model after rambutan peel extract (RPE) treatment. Methods: Twenty-four 12-week-old male rats were divided into 4 groups: normal, obesity, obesity treated with ellagic acid (O-EA) and obesity treated withRPE30 (O-RPE30). Physiological characteristics were monitored by measuring body weight, calorie intake, size of adipocyte and level of triglyceride. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinsαand fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) expression were observed using immunohistochemistry, western blotting and quantitativeRT-PCR methods. Results: Body weight gain ofO-EA andO-RPE30 rats were lower than obesity group and size of adipocyte cells were smaller than obesity group (P Conclusions:RPE have anti-obesity activity by inhibiting body weight gain, declining size of adipocyte, decreasing triglyceride,PPARγ expression and mRNA level ofFABP4 gene on obesity rat model.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To monitor the physiological characteristics and genes expression of obesity rat model after rambutan peel extract (RPE) treatment. Methods: Twenty-four 12-week-old male rats were divided into 4 groups: normal, obesity, obesity treated with ellagic acid (O-EA) and obesity treated with RPE30 (O-RPE30). Physiological characteristics were monitored by measuring body weight, calorie intake, size of adipocyte and level of triglyceride. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins α and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) expression were observed using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR methods. Results: Body weight gain of O-EA and O-RPE30 rats were lower than obesity group and size of adipocyte cells were smaller than obesity group ( P < 0.05), but when we compared to normal group, those groups had higher body weight gain and larger adipocyte cells. The level of triglycerides, protein expression of PPARγ and mRNA level of FABP4 genes were significantly downregulated on O-EA and O-RPE30 compared to obesity group ( P < 0.05). Our results indicated that RPE had potential substance as inhibitor of body weight gain, declining of size of adipocyte, level of triglycerides, PPARγ expression and mRNA level of FABP4 gene on obesity rat model. Conclusions: RPE have anti-obesity activity by inhibiting body weight gain, declining size of adipocyte, decreasing triglyceride, PPARγ expression and mRNA level of FABP4 gene on obesity rat model.
ABSTRACT
Humans develop anti-salivary proteins after arthropod bites or exposure to insect salivary proteins. This reaction indicates that vector bites have a positive effect on the host immune response, which can be used as epidemiological markers of exposure to the vector. Our previous study identified two immunogenic proteins with molecular weights of 31 kDa and 56 kDa from salivary gland extract [SGE] of Aedes aegypti that cross-reacted with serum samples from Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever [DHF] patients and healthy people in an endemic area [Indonesia]. Serum samples from individuals living in non-endemic area [sub-tropical country] and infants did not show the immunogenic reactions. The objective of this research was to identify two immunogenic proteins, i.e., 31 and 56 kDa by using proteomic analysis. In this study, proteomic analysis resulted in identification of 13 proteins and 7 proteins from the 31 kDa- and 56 kDa-immunogenic protein bands, respectively. Among those proteins, the D7 protein [Arthropode Odorant-Binding Protein, AOBP] was the most abundant in 31-kDa band, and apyrase was the major protein of the 56-kDa band